Astrocytoma

These findings contribute to the literature suggesting that, rarely, GPV in aoCPG may contribute to cancer diagnoses in children, raising the question of how tumors in these cases may present differently in children than adults. Increased knowledge about potential childhood cancer risks related to what have historically been considered aoCPG could modify predictive genetic testing recommendations for children and enhance existing cancer screening protocols.

Finally, we discuss therapeutic directions spanning AQP4 modulation, isoform balance, and BBB-bypassing delivery strategies. Overall, AQP4 emerges as a mechanistic hub connecting BBB instability, glymphatic impairment, edema, immune evasion, and invasion in GBM.

Similar haploidy is found in 3 additional high-grade astrocytoma by literature review, all harbor a single gene mutation in the MAPK pathway. We propose that the massive chromosome loss might serve as a significant mechanism contributing to the unusual malignant transformation of benign brain tumors activated by the MAPK pathway.

This case represents the first report of a BCOR ITD in an IDH-mutant WHO grade 4 astrocytoma. The discovery expands the molecular spectrum of high-grade astrocytomas and highlights the need for further research into the biological, prognostic, and therapeutic significance of BCOR alterations in these tumors.

Where expressed both MOP and NOP supported Endomorphin-1 and N/OFQ-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and reduced scratch migration. In microglia, astrocyte modulated opioid receptor expression could influence central opioid-immunomodulation and pain processing; further studies are required.

This study demonstrates that 99 mTc-HYNIC-octreotide SPECT/CT imaging is an effective method for detecting somatostatin receptor expression in brain tumors, offering a low-cost and accessible alternative to more enhanced imaging techniques, both meningioma and glial tumors express somatostatin receptors, but receptor expression is significantly higher in meningioma.

This review identified multiple factors associated with the risk of postoperative malignant progression of LGGs, with moderate to high certainty of evidence supporting several key risk and protective factors. Surgeons should be aware of these factors and consider implementing more active treatment and surveillance measures for high-risk patients to improve prognosis.

P1, N=18, Active, not recruiting, City of Hope Medical Center | Trial completion date: Oct 2025 --> Sep 2026

P2, N=38, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Oct 2025 --> Oct 2026

TFAM loss drives a proliferative, ROS-sensitive phenotype in GPM-type cells, while eliciting adaptive, stress-resilient programs in MTC-type cells. This study identifies TFAM and downstream effectors, TRAF2 and LOXL2, as potential therapeutic targets, supporting the development of metabolic subtype-tailored strategies for GBM treatment.

Proton therapy is a safe and effective treatment for IDH1/2-mutant diffuse glioma with no apparent detrimental effect on QoL and neurocognitive functioning in this prospective cohort.

ROBO2 and GPR180/CG9304 were down and upregulated, respectively, in flies and patients with RAF fusions. Our study provides mechanistic insights into pLGG tumorigenesis and suggests targeting repulsive guidance signaling and GPR180/CG9304 as potential therapeutics for pLGG subtypes.