Astrocytoma

Astrocytoma was the most prevalent pathology in this study. H3K27M mutation did not significantly affect survival in high-grade spinal astrocytoma, while high Ki-67 and p53 expression correlated with poorer prognosis. Tumor length was associated with short-term but not long-term neurological function. Long-term neurological outcomes were mainly linked to inherent tumor properties and postoperative neurological status; postoperative PLR changes may partly indicate long-term neurological function.

P2, N=40, Recruiting, University of Vermont Medical Center | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Jun 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2024 --> Dec 2026

These findings define a previously unrecognized MELK-NS-p53 signaling axis that links kinase activity to the regulation of the cell cycle. Our fundings provide mechanistic insights into glioblastoma pathogenesis and suggest that targeting the MELK-NS pathway may be a potential therapeutic strategy for high-grade gliomas.

Drospirenone may exhibit potential as a prophylactic agent in vitro during the early phases of neuroinflammation, though its efficacy appears limited in models of chronic or prolonged inflammation. These preliminary findings require in vivo validation, and future studies could explore possible synergistic effects with other treatments or alternative dosing strategies for neuropathic pain management.

This review focuses on contemporary pharmacotherapeutic approaches used in the management of glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, including temozolomide-based chemotherapy, corticosteroids for edema control, and antiangiogenic therapy in recurrent disease, with particular emphasis on their clinical efficacy and limitations...Particular attention is given to ivosidenib, a selective inhibitor of mutant IDH1, currently evaluated for the treatment of astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, grade 4...Finally, innovative drug-delivery technologies designed to overcome the blood-brain barrier are briefly discussed as complementary strategies that may enhance the efficacy of both conventional and targeted therapies. Overall, future advances in the treatment of diffuse gliomas will likely depend on the integration of molecularly targeted agents, predictive biomarkers, and advanced delivery platforms aimed at improving patient survival and quality of life.

However, we also note that this field remains largely in the preclinical research stage and has not yet revolutionized clinical practice. This review is intended for biological scientists and clinicians who find traditional bioinformatic tools difficult to use.

P3, N=365, Recruiting, Nuvation Bio Inc. | Phase classification: P2 --> P3 | N=125 --> 365 | Trial completion date: Mar 2028 --> Dec 2030 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2027 --> Dec 2028

Constitutional CHEK2 mutations combined with somatic NF1 defect may have promoted the malignant progression of SEGA-imitating fibrous meningioma and its favorable initial response to mTOR inhibitors.

Thus, familiarity with relevant tumor mutations and radiogenomic features of LEATs is important for radiologists caring for affected patients. This article will review the genetic alterations and imaging characteristics of LEATs, formatted according to the three categories defined by the World Health Organization (WHO): glioneuronal and neuronal tumors (ganglioglioma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, papillary glioneuronal tumor, multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor); circumscribed astrocytic gliomas (pilocytic astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma); and pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas (diffuse astrocytoma MYB or MYBL1-altered, angiocentric glioma, diffuse low-grade glioma MAPK pathway-altered, polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young).

This case highlights the importance of considering TSC as a potential diagnosis in cases of early-onset renal cystic disease, even in the absence of detectable TSC gene mutations. Additionally, the case emphasizes the risk of severe renal involvement in TSC, necessitating early recognition and management.

P4, N=165, Active, not recruiting, Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P1, N=1, Terminated, University of Alabama at Birmingham | N=12 --> 1 | Trial completion date: Aug 2027 --> Mar 2025 | Enrolling by invitation --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2026 --> Mar 2025; Not enough eligible participants to enroll.