AREG (Amphiregulin)

ILC1 from NV-HCC also displayed enhanced IL-2/IL-15 signaling and interactions with CD8 + T cells via HLA-E, suggestive of potential antitumor crosstalk. While our single-cell cohort size was limited, necessitating validation in larger datasets, our study reveals etiology-associated differences in ILC phenotypes in HCC and provides insight into their potential roles in modulating immune responses within the tumor microenvironment.

xCell2 analysis indicated reduced plasma cells and increased smooth muscle, muscle, adipocyte, and endothelial cells, suggesting normalization of tissue remodeling. Nintedanib appears to exert anti-inflammatory effects and promote tissue repair in non-tumor lung, while facilitating tissue remodeling in fibrotic areas, indicating potential benefits in patients with interstitial pneumonia and lung cancer.

Overall, Gouania longipetala aqueous extract exhibit selective activity on estradiol-sensitive tissues in vivo and, various effects against breast cancer cell proliferation and estradiol-induced proliferative effects in vitro. All taken into account, GLO may have a notably importance as therapeutic agent used in chemotherapy against E2-dependent cancer.

Our hypoxia-immune panel can accurately predict response to NAC and OS in patients with LHC and may have implications for the development of novel biomarkers and targeted therapies.

The tumor promoting effect of benzophenone-3 in mice fed adult high-fat diet plausibly results from reduced Tc activity and increased RANKL expression interacting with high-fat diet increased expression of mammary growth factors and M2 macrophage polarization. Dietary fat and benzophenone-3 have immunomodulatory consequences that may interact in affecting mammary tumorigenesis in either a protective or promotional fashion.

Functional experiments demonstrated that radioresistant ESCC cells (KYSE410R) exhibited elevated OXPHOS activity, which is reversed by targeting TCA cycle enzymes (CPI-613 (Devimistat), fumarate hydratase-IN-1 (FH-IN-1), etc.) or Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitors (IACS-010759, Rotenone, etc.). Clinically, high Amphiregulin/Epiregulin (AREG/EREG) levels correlated with nCRT resistance and poor prognosis. Collectively, the CEBPB/AREG/EREG axis drives radioresistance by reprogramming OXPHOS, suggesting inhibition of this pathway or OXPHOS itself as a promising strategy to enhance ESCC therapeutic responses.

Notably, these include the Wnt/β-catenin axis. Candidate biomarkers with potential prognostic and therapeutic relevance in diabetic breast cancer (BC) were also identified.

AREG emerges as both a biomarker and therapeutic target. Integrating biomarker-informed strategies with metastasis-directed therapies may be essential for achieving durable disease control and optimizing outcomes in metastatic cancer.

In addition, the low-risk patients show increased sensitivity to vinorelbine. The molecular subtypes and prognostic model based on AREGs demonstrate reliable clinical prognostic value. This finding may contribute to personalized and precise treatment for patients with LUSC, offering new insights for improving patient outcomes.

AREG supports tumor adaptation to mechanical stress and may drive immune tolerance via PD-L1. Its correlation with BM burden highlights its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in NSCLC.

The study identifies AREG as a key gene associated with sotorasib resistance in NSCLC, suggesting its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying AREG's role in resistance and to explore its clinical significance.

Personalized treatment based on AREG expression may improve clinical outcomes, establishing AREG as a promising precision medicine target for both fibrotic and malignant diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of AREG biology and evaluate its therapeutic potential in fibrosis and cancer.