^
1d
YATAGARASU: A Study of Apalutamide Combined With GnRH Agonist in Participants With Androgen Receptor Positive Salivary Gland Carcinoma (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=31, Active, not recruiting, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. | Trial completion date: May 2024 --> Sep 2025
Trial completion date • Combination therapy • Metastases
|
AR (Androgen receptor)
|
AR positive • AR expression
|
Erleada (apalutamide) • goserelin acetate
2d
Ribociclib and Bicalutamide in AR+ TNBC (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1/2, N=37, Recruiting, Kari Wisinski | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2024 --> May 2024
Trial primary completion date • Combination therapy • Metastases
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • AR (Androgen receptor)
|
HER-2 negative • AR positive
|
Kisqali (ribociclib) • bicalutamide
10d
Multifaceted impact of adipose conditioned media: Obesity-driven promotion of prostate cancer and cancer stem cell dynamics. (PubMed, Cell Biochem Funct)
In addition, increased expressions of Nanog, Oct3/4, survivin, and Bcl-2 were observed. Although the molecules we studied have diverse effects on cellular regulation, our data emphasize obesity's multifaceted role in promoting and aggressing PC, notably affecting PCSC populations.
Journal • Cancer stem • IO biomarker
|
BCL2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2) • AR (Androgen receptor) • IL6 (Interleukin 6) • CDH1 (Cadherin 1) • CXCL8 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8) • BIRC5 (Baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5) • FN1 (Fibronectin 1) • VIM (Vimentin) • CDH2 (Cadherin 2) • IL1B (Interleukin 1, beta) • NANOG (Nanog Homeobox)
|
AR positive • BIRC5 expression • CDH1 expression • AR negative • VIM expression
13d
Enrollment change • Metastases
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • AR (Androgen receptor)
|
HER-2 positive • HER-2 amplification • HER-2 mutation • AR positive
|
trastuzumab rezetecan (SHR-A1811) • leuprolide acetate for depot suspension • Airui'en (rezvilutamide) • SHR-A1921
14d
Discovery of CBPD-268 as an Exceptionally Potent and Orally Efficacious CBP/p300 PROTAC Degrader Capable of Achieving Tumor Regression. (PubMed, J Med Chem)
CBPD-268 was well tolerated in mice and rats and displayed a therapeutic index of >10. Taking these results together, CBPD-268 is a highly promising CBP/p300 degrader as a potential new cancer therapy.
Journal
|
AR (Androgen receptor)
|
AR positive
16d
Trial termination • Metastases
|
ER (Estrogen receptor) • AR (Androgen receptor)
|
ER positive • AR positive
|
Ostarine (enobosarm)
20d
Mineralocorticoid receptor signaling inhibits bladder cancer progression. (PubMed, Am J Cancer Res)
In two of the human bladder cancer lines expressing MR, treatment with a natural MR ligand, aldosterone, significantly reduced cell proliferation and migration, which was restored by three MR antagonists clinically used, spironolactone (except colony formation of androgen receptor-positive cells cultured in the presence of androgens), eplerenone, and esaxerenone. These findings suggest that MR signaling functions as a tumor suppressor in urothelial carcinoma and prevents tumor growth. Accordingly, there is a possibility that the concurrent use of anti-mineralocorticoids, particularly eplerenone and esaxerenone, in patients with bladder cancer rather contributes to the promotion of disease progression.
Journal
|
AR (Androgen receptor) • CTNNB1 (Catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1) • CDH1 (Cadherin 1) • CDH2 (Cadherin 2) • FOS (Fos Proto-Oncogene AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit 2)
|
AR positive • CDH1 expression
23d
Association of Androgen Receptor and PD-L1 Expression in Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. (PubMed, Cancer Genomics Proteomics)
Our findings suggest that AR is the promising target for UTUC treatment, especially in PD-L1-negative cases.
Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
|
PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • AR (Androgen receptor)
|
PD-L1 expression • PD-L1 negative • AR positive • AR expression • AR negative
|
Padcev (enfortumab vedotin-ejfv)
1m
Clinicopathologic Characterization of Prostatic Cancer in Dogs. (PubMed, Animals (Basel))
In conclusion, hypoalbuminemia was significantly associated with PRAD and decreased survival, while MWB and necrosis were significantly associated with P-TCC on cytology. These clinicopathologic data may help clinicians differentiate between these tumors ante mortem to guide appropriate treatment and intervention.
Journal
|
AR (Androgen receptor)
|
AR positive • AR expression • AR negative
1m
Capecitabine is effective as palliative chemotherapy in a patient with androgen receptor and HER2 positive metastatic salivary duct carcinoma. A case report. (PubMed, J Cancer Res Ther)
Then palliative therapy with capecitabine was introduced. With a relatively sustained quality of life, the response lasted for 15 months.
Journal • Metastases
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • AR (Androgen receptor)
|
HER-2 positive • AR positive
|
capecitabine
1m
Association of androgen receptor and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes with bone recurrence in triple-negative breast cancer. (PubMed, J Bone Oncol)
Expression of AR is not significantly associated with the development of bone metastases in TNBC. However, patients with absent sTILs in their primary tumours are highly susceptible for recurrence in the bone and might particularly benefit from adjuvant bisphosphonates.
Journal • Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte
|
AR (Androgen receptor)
|
AR positive • AR expression
1m
Trial completion • Metastases
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • PGR (Progesterone receptor) • AR (Androgen receptor)
|
HER-2 negative • AR positive • ER expression • PGR expression
|
Keytruda (pembrolizumab) • Ostarine (enobosarm)
1m
BTCRC-HN17-111: Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) and Pembrolizumab for Advanced Stage Androgen Receptor-positive Salivary Gland Carcinoma (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=20, Recruiting, Manish Patel | Trial completion date: Jan 2024 --> May 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 --> Mar 2024
Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Metastases
|
AR (Androgen receptor)
|
AR positive
|
Keytruda (pembrolizumab) • goserelin acetate
1m
Activity and safety of enobosarm, a novel, oral, selective androgen receptor modulator, in androgen receptor-positive, oestrogen receptor-positive, and HER2-negative advanced breast cancer (Study G200802): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, multinational, parallel design, phase 2 trial. (PubMed, Lancet Oncol)
Enobosarm has anti-tumour activity in patients with ER-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer, showing that AR activation can result in clinical benefit, supporting further clinical investigation of selective AR activation strategies for the treatment of AR-positive, ER-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer.
P2 data • Journal • Metastases
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor)
|
ER positive • HER-2 negative • AR positive • ER positive + HER-2 negative
|
Ostarine (enobosarm)
2ms
MicroRNAs Associated with Androgen Receptor and Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. (PubMed, Cancers (Basel))
The TGF-beta and a number of kinase-dependent pathways were also retrieved using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. This study offers an understanding of the role of AR in TNBC and further implicates miRNAs in mediating the effects of AR on TNBC.
Journal
|
AR (Androgen receptor) • TGFB1 (Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1) • MIR328 (MicroRNA 328) • MIR205 (MicroRNA 205) • MIR489 (MicroRNA 489)
|
AR positive • AR expression
2ms
Experimental treatment efficacy of dmrFABP5 on prostate cancer singly or in combination with drugs in use. (PubMed, Am J Cancer Res)
Enzalutamide is a drug used to treat prostate cancer (PC) and docetaxel is a drug for chemotherapeutic treatment of diverse cancer types, including PC. These synergistic inhibitory effects of dmrFABP5 were produced by interrupting the FABP5-related signal transduction pathway in PC cells. Thus, dmrFABP5 appears to be not only a potential single therapeutic agent, but it may also be used in combination with existing drugs to suppress both AR-positive and AR-negative PC.
Journal • Combination therapy
|
AR (Androgen receptor) • FABP5 (Fatty Acid Binding Protein 5)
|
AR positive • AR negative
|
docetaxel • enzalutamide capsule
2ms
ARTEST: Efficacy Evaluation of Enobosarm Monotherapy in Treatment of AR+/ER+/HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
P3, N=52, Terminated, Veru Inc. | N=210 --> 52 | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated; Business decision
Enrollment change • Trial termination • Metastases
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • AR (Androgen receptor)
|
ER positive • HER-2 negative • AR positive
|
everolimus • exemestane • Ostarine (enobosarm)
2ms
HDAC inhibitors target IRS4 to enhance anti‑AR therapy in AR‑positive triple‑negative breast cancer. (PubMed, Int J Oncol)
First, a combination of an AR inhibitor (enzalutamide, Enz) and a selective histone deacetylase inhibitor (chidamide, Chid) was used to treat AR‑positive TNBC cell lines, and a synergistic effect of these drugs was observed. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that combination treatment with Enz and Chid can upregulate IRS4, which results in the blocking of KRAS signalling and suppression of tumour growth. It may be hypothesised that the expression levels of IRS4 could be used as a biomarker for screening patients with AR‑positive TNBC using Enz and Chid combination therapy.
Journal
|
KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • AR (Androgen receptor)
|
AR positive
|
enzalutamide capsule • Epidaza (chidamide)
2ms
Low androgen signaling rescues genome integrity with innate immune response by reducing fertility in humans. (PubMed, Cell Death Dis)
Low AR contributed to resistance from the inhibition of DNA repair in primary leukocytes. Downregulation of androgen promoted apoptosis and specific innate immune response with higher susceptibility in cells carrying genomic instability.
Journal
|
AR (Androgen receptor)
|
AR positive • AR expression
3ms
Trial completion • Combination therapy • Metastases
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • PGR (Progesterone receptor) • PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) • AR (Androgen receptor)
|
HR positive • HER-2 negative • AR positive • PTEN positive
|
Piqray (alpelisib) • enzalutamide capsule
3ms
Targeting AR-positive breast cancer cells via drug repurposing approach. (PubMed, Comput Biol Chem)
Amongst the library of compounds, Adapalene exhibited the least binding energy of (-10.2 kCal/mol) in comparison to that of the chosen reference compound, Nilutamide (-8.6 kCal/mol). However, the overall effect of Adapalene was significantly lower in the case of MDA-MB-231 cell lines, which could be attributed to its inherent nature of the absence of hormone receptors. Conclusively, Adapalene possesses greater therapeutic efficacy in comparison to the control drug, thereby hinting towards the potential use of Adapalene in the treatment of AR-positive breast cancer.
Journal
|
ER (Estrogen receptor) • AR (Androgen receptor)
|
ER positive • AR positive • AR expression • AR negative
|
nilutamide
3ms
Systemic therapies for salivary gland carcinomas: an overview of published clinical trials. (PubMed, Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal)
Despite all the advances in this field, there is yet no effective evidence-based regimen of ST, with all the clinical trials identified showing low rates of complete and partial responses. Further, translational studies are urgently required to characterize molecular targets and effective ST.
Journal
|
AR (Androgen receptor)
|
AR positive
|
Sutent (sunitinib) • leuprolide acetate for depot suspension
3ms
Estrogen receptor beta suppresses the androgen receptor oncogenic effects in triple-negative breast cancer. (PubMed, Chin Med J (Engl))
This study suggests that ERβ functions as a suppressor mediating the effect of AR in TNBC prognosis and cell proliferation. Therefore, our current research facilitates a better understanding of the role and mechanisms of AR in TNBC carcinogenesis.
Journal
|
ER (Estrogen receptor) • AR (Androgen receptor) • NECTIN4 (Nectin Cell Adhesion Molecule 4)
|
ER positive • AR positive • NECTIN4 expression • AR negative
4ms
MK-5684 (ODM-208), a CYP11A1 inhibitor, in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with and without AR-LBD mutations: CYPIDES phase 2 results. (ASCO-GU 2024)
53% and 33.8% of patients had previously received both abiraterone and enzalutamide, and 63.6% and 55.9% patients had received cabazitaxel in AR-LBD mutation positive and negative groups respectively. Administration of MK-5684 to heavily pre-treated mCRPC patients showed promising antitumor activity. PSA50 responses were most frequent among patients harboring activating AR-LBD mutations. Clinical trial information: NCT03436485.
P2 data • Clinical • Metastases
|
AR positive • AR mutation
|
Guardant360® CDx
|
enzalutamide capsule • abiraterone acetate • cabazitaxel • ODM-208
4ms
High-grade HER2-positive mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast: a case report and review of the literature. (PubMed, J Med Case Rep)
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast is a very rare entity. Despite being most frequently triple negative, the standard evaluation of receptor status is mandatory, as well as strict application of World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for correct patient management.
Review • Journal
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • PGR (Progesterone receptor) • AR (Androgen receptor) • MAML2 (Mastermind Like Transcriptional Coactivator 2)
|
HER-2 positive • HER-2 amplification • AR positive • AR positive + ER positive • PGR negative
4ms
Targeting the fibroblast growth factor pathway in molecular subtypes of castration-resistant prostate cancer. (PubMed, Prostate)
Although FGFRi treatments suppressed tumor growth across CRPC phenotypes, our analyses did not identify a single pathway or biomarker that would identify tumor response to FGFRi. This is very likely due to the array of FGFR1-4 expression and tumor phenotypes present in CRPC. Nevertheless, our data nominate the FGFR pathway as a clinically actionable target that promotes tumor growth in diverse phenotypes of treatment-refractory metastatic CRPC.
Journal
|
FGFR1 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1)
|
AR positive • MYC expression • AR amplification • FGFR1 expression
|
enzalutamide capsule • Balversa (erdafitinib) • zoligratinib (Debio 1347)
4ms
Testing the Anti-Cancer Drug Darolutamide in Patients With Testosterone-driven Salivary Gland Cancers (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=20, Recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Initiation date: Jan 2024 --> Jul 2023
Trial initiation date • Combination therapy • Metastases
|
AR (Androgen receptor)
|
AR positive • AR expression
|
Eligard (leuprolide acetate) • Nubeqa (darolutamide) • Viadur (leuprorelin implant)
4ms
Clinicopathological characteristics of four major histological types of high-grade parotid carcinoma. (PubMed, Int J Clin Oncol)
Each histological type has its own pathological and clinical features, recurrence types, and tumor activities, suggesting that differentiating between high-grade parotid carcinomas according to histological type will improve diagnosis, and thus prognosis.
Journal
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • AR (Androgen receptor)
|
AR positive
4ms
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Triple-Negative Apocrine Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study. (PubMed, World J Oncol)
AR-positive AC patients showed a favorable prognosis without adjuvant chemotherapy, even with the TN subtype. A clinical trial exploring the possibility of treatment de-escalation is anticipated.
Journal
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • AR (Androgen receptor)
|
ER positive • AR positive • EGFR positive • AR negative
4ms
Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. Seed Extract Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in the Androgen Receptor Positive LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci)
Based on the study, the anti-growth effects of PT seed extract on prostate tumor cells give indications on the potential of the phytochemical drug for the treatment of this type of cancer. However, future in-depth studies are necessary to identify which components are mainly responsible for the anti-neoplastic response.
Journal
|
AR (Androgen receptor) • MAPK8 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8)
|
AR positive
4ms
Molecular targets and therapeutic strategies for triple-negative breast cancer. (PubMed, Mol Biol Rep)
Finally, nanomedicines, or applications of nanotechnology in medicine, introduce nanoparticles with variable chemistry and architecture for the treatment of cancer. This review emphasizes the most recent research on nutraceuticals, medication repositioning, and novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of TNBC.
Review • Journal • IO biomarker
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • PGR (Progesterone receptor) • AR (Androgen receptor)
|
AR positive • AR negative
4ms
Role of androgen signaling in androgen receptor-positive extramammary Paget's disease: Establishment of organoids and their biological analysis as a novel therapeutic target. (PubMed, J Dermatol Sci)
Our results indicate that androgen signaling is a key pathway involved in the growth of AR-positive EMPD. Therefore, androgen signaling inhibition may be a novel treatment option for EMPD patients who require systemic therapy.
Journal
|
AR (Androgen receptor) • FKBP5 (FKBP Prolyl Isomerase 5)
|
AR positive • AR expression
|
Nubeqa (darolutamide)
4ms
Enzalutamide and Paclitaxel Before Surgery in Treating Patients With Stage I-III Androgen Receptor-Positive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=24, Completed, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Phase classification: P2b --> P2 | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Nov 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Nov 2023
Trial completion • Phase classification • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Combination therapy • Surgery
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • AR (Androgen receptor)
|
HER-2 amplification • AR positive
|
paclitaxel • enzalutamide capsule
4ms
Tumor-derived biomarkers predict efficacy of B7H3 antibody-drug conjugate treatment in metastatic prostate cancer models. (PubMed, J Clin Invest)
Overall, biomarker-focused selection of models led to high efficacy of in vivo treatment. These data enable a paradigm shift to biomarker-driven trial designs for maximizing clinical benefit of ADC therapies.
Preclinical • Journal • Metastases
|
TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • AR (Androgen receptor) • RB1 (RB Transcriptional Corepressor 1) • CD276 (CD276 Molecule) • SLFN11 (Schlafen Family Member 11)
|
TP53 mutation • TP53 wild-type • AR positive • SLFN11 expression • CD276 expression • RB1 wild-type
5ms
Androgen receptor in breast cancer and its clinical implication. (PubMed, Transl Breast Cancer Res)
Particularly in the context of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), where targeted therapeutic options are lacking, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to exploring the potential of AR-related interventions. This review aims to provide an overview of the various breast cancer subtypes with AR signaling mechanisms, and ongoing clinical trials that hold the potential to reshape future clinical approaches.
Journal
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • PGR (Progesterone receptor) • AR (Androgen receptor)
|
AR positive
5ms
Androgen receptor promotes cell stemness via interacting with co-factor YAP1 in gastric cancer. (PubMed, Biochem Pharmacol)
Mechanically, AR upregulated CD44 expression by directly binding to its promoter region and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) served as the co-factor of AR, which was demonstrated by the fact that the promoting effects of AR on GC cells stemness were partially counteracted by YAP1 knockdown. Thus, this study revealed that AR facilitates CSCs properties and chemoresistance of GC cells via forming complex with YAP1and indicates a potential therapeutic approach to GC patients.
Journal
|
AR (Androgen receptor) • YAP1 (Yes associated protein 1) • CD44 (CD44 Molecule)
|
AR positive • AR overexpression • AR expression • CD44 expression
5ms
Target-Oriented Classification of Triple-negative Breast Cancer. (PubMed, Anticancer Res)
Almost all TNBC cases can be classified according to treatable targets.
Journal • BRCA Biomarker • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • PGR (Progesterone receptor) • BRCA1 (Breast cancer 1, early onset) • AR (Androgen receptor) • KRT5 (Keratin 5)
|
PD-L1 expression • HER-2 negative • HER-2 expression • PD-L1 negative • AR positive • PD-L1 expression + HER-2 overexpression
5ms
The prognostic role of androgen receptor status in patients with triple negative breast cancer with an associated ductal carcinoma in situ. (SABCS 2023)
Conclusion In patients with TNBC, AR expression is associated with older age in case of co-existing DCIS and patients with co-existing DCIS are more frequently AR positive. In patients with co-existing DCIS, there was no significant difference in distant relapse between AR negative and AR positive cases.
Clinical
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • PGR (Progesterone receptor) • AR (Androgen receptor)
|
AR positive • AR expression • ER expression • AR negative
5ms
A Multicenter, Phase Ib/II Study of Abemaciclib in Combination with Bicalutamide for Androgen Receptor-positive, HER2-negative Metastatic Breast Cancer (SABCS 2023)
Phase I and II trials of bicalutamide in HR-negative and enzalutamide in both triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and hormone receptor (HR) positive populations have shown safety and favorable clinical benefit rates (CBR)...We performed a retrospective, institutional study evaluating metastatic HR+ tumor samples with immunohistochemistry (IHC) from patients treated with CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib...We define inactivity as DCR of 0.20 and activity as DCR of 0.35. To date, the study has recruited 21 participants, the goal accrual is 60 patients.
Clinical • P1/2 data • Combination therapy • Metastases
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • AR (Androgen receptor) • RB1 (RB Transcriptional Corepressor 1) • CCND1 (Cyclin D1)
|
HR positive • HER-2 negative • AR positive • AR expression
|
Ibrance (palbociclib) • Verzenio (abemaciclib) • enzalutamide capsule • bicalutamide
5ms
Clinical Results of Subjects Remaining in the Phase 3 ARTEST Study Enobosarm Therapy in AR+ER+HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer with 3 or Greater Prior Lines of Therapy (SABCS 2023)
Activity of enobosarm in this heavily pretreated patient population is encouraging and supports further clinical investigation. The Phase 3 ENABLAR-2 study is underway to further evaluate enobosarm alone or in combination with abemaciclib for the second-line treatment of AR+ER+HER2- metastatic breast cancer in patients who have received a prior estrogen blocking agent and a CDK 4/6 inhibitor. Clinical trial information: NCT04869943.
Clinical • P3 data • Metastases
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor)
|
HER-2 negative • AR positive
|
Verzenio (abemaciclib) • Ostarine (enobosarm)
5ms
Association between expression of androgen receptor in tumor tissue and risk of breast cancer recurrence among premenopausal Danish women (SABCS 2023)
The majority of the cohort (77%) had ER+ tumors and were intended to be treated with tamoxifen... AR expression in primary tumor tissue was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer recurrence in a large population-based cohort of premenopausal women. Additional analyses adjusting for clinical factors, examining the association by breast cancer subtype, and accounting for time to recurrence are forthcoming.
Clinical
|
ER (Estrogen receptor) • AR (Androgen receptor)
|
AR positive • AR expression • ER expression • AR negative
|
tamoxifen