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    BIOMARKER:

    AR overexpression

    i
    Other names: AR, AIS, DHTR, HUMARA, NR3C4, SBMA, SMAX1, Androgen receptor
    Entrez ID:
    367
    Related biomarkers:
    Expression
    Mutation
    CNA
    Others
    10d
    Enzalutamide induces cytotoxicity in desmoplastic small round cell tumor independent of the androgen receptor. (PubMed, Commun Biol)
    Here, we demonstrate that AR is highly expressed in DSRCT relative to other fusion-driven sarcomas and that the AR antagonists enzalutamide and flutamide reduce DSRCT growth. Further, we find that AR antagonists reduce DSRCT growth in cells depleted of AR, establishing an AR-independent mechanism of action. These findings suggest that AR dependence is not the reason for male predominance in DSRCT and that AR-targeted therapies may provide therapeutic benefit primarily through an AR-independent mechanism that requires further elucidation.
    Journal
    |
    AR (Androgen receptor) • WT1 (WT1 Transcription Factor) • EWSR1 (EWS RNA Binding Protein 1)
    |
    AR overexpression
    |
    Xtandi (enzalutamide capsule) • flutamide
    1m
    Caffeic acid phenethyl ester suppresses the expression of androgen receptor variant 7 via inhibition of CDK1 and AKT. (PubMed, Cancer Gene Ther)
    Intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg CAPE retarded the growth of 22Rv1 xenografts in nude mice and suppressed the protein levels of AR-V7, CDK1 and AKT in 22Rv1 xenografts. Our study provided the rationale of applying CAPE for inhibition of AR-V7 in prostate tumors.
    Journal
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    AR (Androgen receptor) • AKT1 (V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1) • CDK1 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 1)
    |
    AR overexpression • AR expression • AR splice variant 7 • AR-V7 expression • AKT1 overexpression • AR-V7 overexpression • AR splice variant 7 expression • CDK1 overexpression
    2ms
    NCI-2018-01054: Apalutamide, Abiraterone Acetate, and Prednisone in Treating Participants With Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=7, Active, not recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Apr 2024 --> Apr 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2024 --> Apr 2025
    Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Metastases
    |
    PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog)
    |
    AR overexpression • AR expression • AR-V7 expression
    |
    abiraterone acetate • Erleada (apalutamide) • Yonsa (abiraterone acetate)
    3ms
    Therapeutic Potential of Bipolar Androgen Therapy for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. (PubMed, Biomedicines)
    Bicalutamide inhibited PCa cell viability but not in the adapted cell lines...In vivo, high AR-expressing LNCaP cells proliferated under castrate conditions, while BAT-treated xenografts exhibited significant growth inhibition with low Ki-67 and mitotic indexes and a high cell death index. This study provides preliminary evidence that BAT is effective for the treatment of CRPC through rapid cycling between supraphysiologic and near-castrate serum testosterone levels, inducing an anti-tumor effect.
    Preclinical • Journal
    |
    AR (Androgen receptor)
    |
    AR overexpression • AR expression • AR splice variant 7 • AR-V7 expression • AR splice variant 7 expression
    |
    bicalutamide
    3ms
    Discovery of the First-in-Class RORγ Covalent Inhibitors for Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. (PubMed, J Med Chem)
    Importantly, it markedly suppressed the tumor growth in a 22Rv1 mouse tumor xenograft model with good safety. These results clearly demonstrate that 29 is a highly potent and selective RORγ covalent inhibitor.
    Journal
    |
    AR (Androgen receptor)
    |
    AR overexpression • AR expression
    5ms
    Androgen receptor promotes cell stemness via interacting with co-factor YAP1 in gastric cancer. (PubMed, Biochem Pharmacol)
    Mechanically, AR upregulated CD44 expression by directly binding to its promoter region and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) served as the co-factor of AR, which was demonstrated by the fact that the promoting effects of AR on GC cells stemness were partially counteracted by YAP1 knockdown. Thus, this study revealed that AR facilitates CSCs properties and chemoresistance of GC cells via forming complex with YAP1and indicates a potential therapeutic approach to GC patients.
    Journal
    |
    AR (Androgen receptor) • YAP1 (Yes associated protein 1) • CD44 (CD44 Molecule)
    |
    AR positive • AR overexpression • AR expression • CD44 expression
    6ms
    AR eGFP reporter mouse enables elucidation of AR expression dynamics during anti-tumor immune responses. (PubMed, Nat Commun)
    In response to PD-L1 blockade, the emergence of PD-1AR cells correlates with successful therapeutic responses, whilst IL-18 is identified as a cytokine that potently upregulates AR and synergizes with AR deficiency to improve anti-tumor immunity. These studies provide insight into the biology of AR in the context of anti-tumor immunity and reveals potential combination immunotherapy approaches.
    Preclinical • Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
    |
    CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) • CD4 (CD4 Molecule) • IL18 (Interleukin 18) • CD86 (CD86 Molecule)
    |
    AR overexpression • AR expression
    6ms
    Jiawei Danxuan Koukang Alleviates Arecoline Induced Oral Mucosal Lesions: Network Pharmacology and the Combined Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS). (PubMed, Drug Des Devel Ther)
    Quercetin targeted AR protein to improve arecoline-induced OSF. JDK and quercetin inhibited arecoline-induced NOTCH1 protein expression in CAL27 and SCC-25 cells to play an anti-oral cancer role.
    Journal
    |
    NOTCH1 (Notch 1) • CDH1 (Cadherin 1) • VIM (Vimentin)
    |
    AR overexpression • AR expression • CDH1 expression • NOTCH1 expression • VIM expression
    8ms
    NCI-2018-01054: Apalutamide, Abiraterone Acetate, and Prednisone in Treating Participants With Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=7, Active, not recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Suspended --> Active, not recruiting | N=60 --> 7
    Enrollment closed • Enrollment change • Metastases
    |
    PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog)
    |
    AR overexpression • AR expression • AR-V7 expression
    |
    abiraterone acetate • Erleada (apalutamide) • Yonsa (abiraterone acetate)
    8ms
    TARGETING ANDROGEN RECEPTOR IN OSTEOSARCOMA CELLS WITH VARYING METASTATIC POTENTIAL (CTOS 2023)
    The presence of LM remains the most important clinical determinant of OS prognosis, nevertheless few treatment options are available for these patients. Recent studies suggest that upregulation of the AR pathway in human LM tissue samples may provide a therapeutic target for patients with LM resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Similar to what has been observed in prostate cancer, AR overexpression may result in aberrant ALDH1A1 expression in OS patients presenting with LM.
    Metastases
    |
    AR (Androgen receptor) • ALDH1A1 (Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family Member A1)
    |
    AR overexpression
    |
    Xtandi (enzalutamide capsule)
    9ms
    Functional implications and therapeutic targeting of androgen response elements in prostate cancer. (PubMed, Biochimie)
    Importantly, in castration resistant prostate cancer, ARVs lacking the LBD become constitutively active and promote hormone-independent development, underlining the need to concentrate on the other domain or the AR-DNA interface for the identification of novel actionable targets. In this review, we highlight the plasticity of AR-DNA binding and explain how fine-tuning AR's cooperative interactions with DNA translate into developing an alternative strategy to antagonize AR activity.
    Review • Journal
    |
    AR mutation • AR overexpression • AR amplification
    9ms
    Targeted treatment in a case series of AR+, HRAS/PIK3CA co-mutated salivary duct carcinoma. (PubMed, Front Oncol)
    One patient each was treated with immune checkpoint inhibition (Mixed Response) and combination therapies of tipifarnib and ADT (SD) and alpelisib and ADT (PR). Combination therapies, PI3K-inhibitors and immune therapy warrant further investigation, ideally in clinical trials. Future research should consider this rare subgroup of SDC.
    Journal • Tumor mutational burden • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
    |
    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden) • AR (Androgen receptor) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)
    |
    PD-L1 expression • PIK3CA mutation • HRAS mutation • AR overexpression • AR expression • PIK3CA expression • HRAS overexpression • PIK3CA overexpression
    |
    Piqray (alpelisib) • Zarnestra (tipifarnib)
    11ms
    Bipolar Androgen Therapy Followed by Androgen Receptor Inhibition as Sequential Therapy for Prostate Cancer. (PubMed, Oncologist)
    As expected, resistance to BAT is associated with adaptive downregulation of AR expression. Intriguingly, this downregulation is associated with restoration of sensitivity to subsequent AR inhibitor therapies.
    Journal
    |
    AR overexpression • AR expression
    11ms
    Clinical impact of androgen receptor-suppressing miR-146b expression in papillary thyroid cancer aggressiveness. (PubMed, J Clin Endocrinol Metab)
    To sum up, miR-146b is a molecular target of AR transcriptional repression, therefore, AR suppresses miR-146b expression to reduce PTC tumor aggressiveness.
    Journal
    |
    AR (Androgen receptor) • MIR146B (MicroRNA 146b)
    |
    AR overexpression • AR expression
    12ms
    Lead Optimization of Androgen Receptor-HSP27 Disrupting Agents in Glioblastoma. (PubMed, J Med Chem)
    Lead optimization resulted with two new derivatives (compounds 4 and 26) showing potent anti-GBM activity and improved drug distribution in comparison to the lead compound. Compounds 4 and 6 exhibit ICs of 35 and 23 nM, respectively, to inhibit cell proliferation and also show significant activity to decrease the tumor growth in vivo.
    Journal
    |
    AR (Androgen receptor) • HSPB1 (Heat shock 27kDa protein 1)
    |
    AR overexpression
    12ms
    Darolutamide for patients with androgen receptor positive salivary gland cancers (DISCOVARY): The results of phase 2 study of darolutamide monotherapy. (ASCO 2023)
    The study consists of two sequential components: a monotherapy part with darolutamide alone (monotherapy part) and a combination part with darolutamide and goserelin (combination part). This is the first prospective trial of darolutamide for AR-positive SGC. The response rate by ICR and other secondary endpoints confirmed clinically meaningful activity and a well-tolerated safety profile. Patient enrollment to the combination component is now ongoing to evaluate additional benefits.
    Clinical • P2 data
    |
    AR (Androgen receptor)
    |
    AR positive • AR overexpression • AR expression
    |
    Nubeqa (darolutamide) • goserelin acetate
    12ms
    Comprehensive characterization of androgen receptor expression in breast cancer. (ASCO 2023)
    Our data suggest a strong association between AR expression and increased mutations in several cancer related genes, immune checkpoint markers, the IL2-STAT5 pathway, differential immune cell infiltration, and improved overall survival.
    Tumor mutational burden • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • MSi-H Biomarker • IO biomarker
    |
    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden) • MSI (Microsatellite instability) • PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) • AR (Androgen receptor) • ARID1A (AT-rich interaction domain 1A) • NF1 (Neurofibromin 1) • AKT1 (V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1) • LAG3 (Lymphocyte Activating 3) • CDH1 (Cadherin 1) • CXCL10 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10) • PD-L2 (Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2) • HAVCR2 (Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2) • CXCL9 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9) • IL2 (Interleukin 2) • IL10 (Interleukin 10) • CCL2 (Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2) • MAP3K1 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 1) • FOXP3 (Forkhead Box P3) • ARG1 (Arginase 1) • CXCR1 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 1) • GATA3 (GATA binding protein 3)
    |
    MSI-H/dMMR • HER-2 negative • PTEN mutation • AR overexpression • LAG3 expression • AR expression • FOXP3 expression
    |
    MI Tumor Seek™
    |
    Herceptin (trastuzumab) • paclitaxel • doxorubicin hydrochloride
    1year
    Androgen receptor transcriptionally inhibits programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and influences immune escape in bladder cancer. (PubMed, Lab Invest)
    Injection of anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies into C3H/HeN mice significantly suppressed tumor growth, and stable expression of AR dramatically enhanced the antitumor activity in vivo. In conclusion, this study describes a novel role of AR in regulating the immune response to BCa by targeting PD-L1, thus providing potential therapeutic strategies for immunotherapy in BCa.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
    |
    AR (Androgen receptor) • CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8)
    |
    PD-L1 expression • PD-L1 negative • AR overexpression • AR expression • AR negative
    1year
    SMAD3 promotes expression and activity of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer. (PubMed, Nucleic Acids Res)
    A SMAD3 PROTAC inhibitor reduced levels of AR, AR-V7 and AR targets in prostate cancer cells. This study suggests that SMAD3 could be targeted to inhibit AR in prostate cancer.
    Journal
    |
    AR (Androgen receptor) • SMAD4 (SMAD family member 4) • SMAD2 (SMAD Family Member 2) • SMAD3 (SMAD Family Member 3)
    |
    AR overexpression • AR expression • AR splice variant 7
    1year
    A molecular guide to systemic therapy in salivary gland carcinoma. (PubMed, Head Neck)
    In the last decade, a number of targetable molecular alterations have been identified in SGCs including HER2 upregulation, androgen receptor overexpression, Notch receptor activation, NTRK gene fusions, and RET alterations which have dramatically improved treatment outcomes in this disease. Here, we review the landscape of precision therapy in SGC including current options for systemic management, ongoing clinical trials, and promising future directions.
    Review • Journal • IO biomarker
    |
    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • AR (Androgen receptor) • NTRK (Neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase)
    |
    HER-2 overexpression • AR overexpression • AR expression • NTRK fusion
    1year
    Artesunate increases enzalutamide efficacy in advanced prostate cancer (AACR 2023)
    Taking these together suggests that ART may target HSF1 directly. Our results suggest ART induced AR degradation could be a promising clinical strategy for advanced prostate cancer.
    Clinical • Metastases
    |
    HSF1 (Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1) • HSP90AA1 (Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class A Member 1Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class A Member 1)
    |
    AR mutation • AR overexpression
    |
    Xtandi (enzalutamide capsule)
    1year
    EZH2 mediated kinome reprogramming drives AR phosphorylation and activation in receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors resistant renal carcinoma models (AACR 2023)
    Our previous studies of acquired resistance to the RTKI sunitinib identified two major regulators, EZH2 and androgen receptor (AR)...Finally, our lab has generated 786-0 strains resistant to other RTKI including pazopanib and lenvatinib, and found that AR is expressed in these resistant models, solidifying AR activation as a conserved feature of RTKI resistance. Overall, our results suggest that AR activation is driven by phosphorylation induced by EZH2 dependent kinome reprogramming. Untangling the cross talk between AR and EZH2 in RTKI resistant RCC will provide the rationale for novel therapeutic strategies to improve the clinical outcome in patients with this disease.
    IO biomarker
    |
    EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor)
    |
    EZH2 mutation • AR overexpression
    |
    Sutent (sunitinib) • Lenvima (lenvatinib) • Votrient (pazopanib)
    1year
    Inhibition of HSF1 demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models of cholangiocarcinoma (AACR 2023)
    NXP800, a HSF1 inhibitor, demonstrated significant therapeutic activity in a cholangiocarcinoma PDX. Further studies are needed and being performed to determine the role of HSF1 inhibition in human cholangiocarcinoma.
    Preclinical • Tumor mutational burden
    |
    TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • FGFR1 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1) • AR (Androgen receptor) • ARID1A (AT-rich interaction domain 1A) • HSF1 (Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1)
    |
    NRAS mutation • ARID1A mutation • FGFR2 mutation • FGFR1 mutation • NRAS Q61 • AR overexpression • FGFR2 overexpression • AR expression • FGFR2 expression
    |
    NXP800
    1year
    Vaccination against androgen receptor splice variant induces anti-tumor adaptive immune responses (AACR 2023)
    These data demonstrate the potential of AR and AR splice variants as immunologic targets of prostate cancer vaccines, which elicit AR specific T cell immunity and produce anti-tumor responses in prostate cancers.
    PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
    |
    AR (Androgen receptor)
    |
    AR overexpression • AR expression • AR splice variant 7 • AR-V7 expression • AR splice variant 7 expression
    1year
    Predicting progression in metastatic castrate-sensitive prostate cancer by coupling PSA and testosterone dynamics to a mechanistic mathematical model (AACR 2023)
    By fitting to both PSA and testosterone dynamics, we can distinguish between tumors that maintain testosterone-dependent cells from those with increasing resistant cell types. This allows for better quantification of the underlying tumor composition to help optimize therapies that target those cell types and better maintain tumor control.
    Metastases
    |
    AR (Androgen receptor)
    |
    AR overexpression
    1year
    NCI-2018-01054: Apalutamide, Abiraterone Acetate, and Prednisone in Treating Participants With Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=60, Suspended, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Oct 2022 --> Apr 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2022 --> Apr 2024
    Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Metastases
    |
    PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog)
    |
    AR overexpression • AR expression • AR-V7 expression
    |
    abiraterone acetate • Erleada (apalutamide) • Yonsa (abiraterone acetate)
    1year
    Anti-oncogenic effects of dutasteride, a dual 5-alpha reductase inhibitor and a drug for benign prostate hyperplasia, in bladder cancer. (PubMed, J Transl Med)
    Dutasteride inhibited testosterone-induced BCa progression dependent on SLC39A9 in AR-negative BCa and repressed oncogenic signaling pathways, including those of metalloproteases, p21, BCL-2, NF-KB, and WNT. Our results also suggest that SRD5A1 plays a pro-oncogenic role in BCa. This work provides potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of BCa.
    Journal • IO biomarker
    |
    BCL2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2) • AR (Androgen receptor) • CDKN1A (Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A) • SRD5A1 (Steroid 5 Alpha-Reductase 1)
    |
    AR overexpression • AR expression • AR negative
    1year
    HER2 status in recurrent/metastatic androgen receptor overexpressing salivary gland carcinoma patients. (PubMed, Front Oncol)
    In our patient population, HER2 amplification was a negative prognostic factor, and it was associated with a non-statistically significant higher risk of developing CNS metastasis. Further studies are needed to explore the potential clinical benefit of tackling the two biological pathways (AR and HER2) in patients affected by this rare and aggressive malignancy.
    Journal • Metastases
    |
    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • AR (Androgen receptor)
    |
    HER-2 overexpression • HER-2 amplification • HER-2 negative • AR positive • AR overexpression • AR expression
    1year
    An Exemestane Derivative, Oxymestane-D1, as a New Multi-Target Steroidal Aromatase Inhibitor for Estrogen Receptor-Positive (ER) Breast Cancer: Effects on Sensitive and Resistant Cell Lines. (PubMed, Molecules)
    Thus, the multi-target action of Oxy may be a therapeutic advantage over the three AIs applied in clinic. Furthermore, this new multi-target compound has the ability to sensitize the AI-resistant BC cells, which represents another advantage over the endocrine therapy used in the clinic, since resistance is a major drawback in the clinic.
    Preclinical • Journal
    |
    ER (Estrogen receptor)
    |
    ER positive • AR overexpression
    |
    exemestane
    over1year
    Increased AR expression in castration-resistant prostate cancer rapidly induces AR signaling reprogramming with the collaboration of EZH2. (PubMed, Front Oncol)
    Mechanistically, we found that AR-EZH2 interaction is impaired by the pre-castration level of androgens but can be recovered by the post-castration level of androgens. Overall, our study provides new molecular insights into AR signaling reprogramming with the engagement of specific epigenetic factors.
    Journal
    |
    CAST (Calpastatin)
    |
    AR overexpression • AR expression
    over1year
    Nonmalignant AR-positive prostate epithelial cells and cancer cells respond differently to androgen. (PubMed, Endocr Relat Cancer)
    The transcriptional response of RWPE-1-AR cells to androgen stimulation involves suppression of the growth-related KRAS pathway and is thus markedly different from that of the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP and its derivative AR-overexpressing LNCaP-ARhi cells, in which growth- and cancer-related pathways are upregulated. Hence, the nonmalignant AR-positive RWPE-1-AR cell line model could be used to study the transformation of the prostate epithelium.
    Journal
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • AR (Androgen receptor)
    |
    AR positive • AR overexpression • AR expression
    over1year
    Sex Hormone-regulated CMG2 Is Involved in Breast and Prostate Cancer Progression. (PubMed, Cancer Genomics Proteomics)
    CMG2 is inversely correlated with ER and AR status in breast and prostate cancer, respectively. ER and AR mediate repression of CMG2 expression in corresponding cancerous cells.
    Journal
    |
    ER (Estrogen receptor) • AR (Androgen receptor)
    |
    AR overexpression • ER expression
    over1year
    The role of testosterone in men's health: is it time for a new approach? (PubMed, Int Urol Nephrol)
    This review synthesizes a wide-ranging compendium of basic science and clinical research that strongly encourages altering the present approach to diagnosing and treating men with hypogonadism and ARPGD. These findings underscore the importance of avoiding significant testosterone decline and support the use of TRT. Ten recommendations are offered as a framework for the way forward. It is now time for clinicians, payers, researchers, funding agencies, professional associations, and patient advocacy groups to embrace this new paradigm to increase longevity and improve the quality of life.
    Review • Journal
    |
    AR (Androgen receptor)
    |
    AR overexpression • AR expression
    over1year
    Novel AR/AR-V7 and Mnk1/2 Degrader, VNPP433-3β: Molecular Mechanisms of Action and Efficacy in AR-Overexpressing Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo Models. (PubMed, Cells)
    Earlier, we developed drug candidate galeterone, which advanced through phase 2-clinical trials in treating castration-resistant PCa (CRPC)...Finally, RNA-seq demonstrates modulation of multiple pathways that synergistically contribute to PCa inhibition. Therefore, VNPP433-3β exerts its antitumor effect by imposing 1) transcriptional regulation of AR and AR-responsive oncogenes 2) translational regulation by disrupting mRNA-5'cap-dependent translation initiation, 3) reducing AR half-life through enhanced proteasomal degradation in vitro and AR-overexpressing tumor xenografts in vivo.
    Preclinical • Journal
    |
    AR (Androgen receptor) • EIF4EBP1 (Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1) • CAST (Calpastatin) • EIF4G1 (Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma, 1) • HSP90AA1 (Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class A Member 1Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class A Member 1)
    |
    AR overexpression • AR splice variant 7
    |
    galeterone (TOK-001)
    over1year
    Androgen receptor mutations for precision medicine in prostate cancer. (PubMed, Endocr Relat Cancer)
    Hormonal therapies including androgen deprivation therapy and androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors such as abiraterone and enzalutamide have been widely used to treat advanced prostate cancer. Currently, precision medicine utilizing genetic and genomic data to choose suitable treatment for the patient is becoming to play an increasingly important role in clinical practice for prostate cancer management. Therefore, monitoring the AR mutation status is a promising approach for providing precision medicine in prostate cancer, which would be implemented through the development of clinically available testing modalities for AR mutations using liquid biopsy.
    Review • Journal
    |
    AR (Androgen receptor)
    |
    AR mutation • AR overexpression • AR T878A • AR amplification • AR F877L • AR H875Y • AR L702H • AR F877L + AR T878A
    |
    Xtandi (enzalutamide capsule) • abiraterone acetate
    almost2years
    STAT3 cooperates with AR/CCRK signaling pathway in the progression of HBV infection and gender differences. (PubMed, J Viral Hepat)
    In conclusion, in this study, we first found concordant over-expression of AR, CCRK and STAT3 in liver tissues of chronic HBV-infected patients who have not yet developed HCC, significantly correlated with the severity of the disease and showed gender differences. STAT3 may be a potential therapeutic co-target for chronic HBV infection.
    Journal
    |
    AR (Androgen receptor) • STAT3 (Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3)
    |
    AR overexpression • AR expression