Anal Carcinoma

P2, N=90, Not yet recruiting, University of California, San Francisco | Initiation date: Dec 2025 --> Mar 2026

P=N/A, N=5, Recruiting, Emory University | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P=N/A, N=498, Not yet recruiting, The First Hospital of Jilin University

P1/2, N=24, Active, not recruiting, University of Nebraska | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Jul 2026

No significant differences were observed in anal dysplasia regression or anal microbiota composition over 12 months. Given the lack of short-term secondary benefit and persistence of HPV incidence, MSM with HIV require continued routine anal cancer screening.

P2, N=40, Recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Sep 2029 --> Sep 2031 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2029 --> Sep 2031

Advanced anal AD exhibited a distinct genomic profile compared with advanced rectal AD. CGP is a useful approach for identifying druggable GAs in advanced anal AD to expand therapeutic opportunities.

Herein, it is described the case of a 70-year-old man affected by metastatic SCACP, treated with three different sequential therapy lines: carboplatin plus paclitaxel, epirubicin, and an off-label protocol with enzalutamide, achieving 41 months overall survival. Interestingly, SCACP demonstrated to be responsive to enzalutamide treatment, even though the patient precociously stopped the treatment due to severe toxicity. This case represents the first evidence of hormonotherapy administration in a SCACP patient, possibly providing the base for a new therapeutic opportunity for this rare malignancy.

The final results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal upon completion of the study. NCT05640609.

P=N/A, N=39, Active, not recruiting, University Health Network, Toronto | Trial completion date: Jul 2026 --> Jan 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2026 --> Jan 2027

The addition of ipilimumab to nivolumab did not statistically improve overall response rate, PFS, or OS but may harbor increased toxicity. Paired blood samples identified TIGIT expression on peripheral T cells as a compensatory change unique to dual PD-1 plus CTLA-4 blockade.

Thus, the present hypothesis is that virally encoded proteins such as HPV-E6 or SARS-COV-2 Spike may cooperate in suppressing host defenses including tumor suppressor mechanisms involving p53. The hypothesis can be further explored through epidemiologic and laboratory studies.