AGR2 expression

Our study provides novel, high-affinity, fully human, anti-AGR2 MAbs that neutralize the pro-tumor effects of extracellular AGR2 in PDAC.

It is concluded that AGR2 expression occurs in a broad range of different tumor entities and that AGR2 assessment may serve as a diagnostic aid for the distinction of thyroidal neoplasms and as a prognostic marker in various cancer types.

Ultimately, apoptotic cell death was heightened in AGR2 knockdown PDAC cells compared to the controls. Overall, these data reveal a new axis involving AGR2-ER stress-associated mitochondrial fission that could be targeted to improve PDAC patient outcomes.

These effects were partly reversed by AGR2 overexpression and AKT activation. Our findings demonstrated that quercetin inhibits cholesterol metabolism and cisplatin resistance in CAL27 cells by modulating the AGR2/AKT/SREBP2 axis.

Exogenous AGR2 combined with AKT agonist IGF- Ⅰ can further enhance the multiplication, migration and invasion of CRC cells. Exogenous AGR2 enhances the multiplication of CRC cells and induces EMT process, the mechanism of which is related to AKT/β-catenin signal pathway.

CAFs drive the growth and metastasis of aggressive PNETs. The CXCR4-SDF1 axis may be a target for antistromal therapy in the treatment of PNET. This study clarifies mechanisms underlying PNET aggressiveness and may guide future therapeutic interventions targeting the tumor microenvironment.

AGR2 is clearly upregulated in the majority of prostate cancer cases, yet a true diagnostic value appears unlikely. In spite of the negative correlation of AGR2 expression with increasing tumour grade, no independent prognostic significance was found in this large-scale study.

These results indicated that acinar cells may act as the origin of human PDAC, and that their presence may be useful for the stratification of human PDAC to predict prognosis.

There was a statistical interaction between AGR2 and FOXA1 on the prognosis of ER-positive breast cancer. The combination of AGR2 and FOXA1 was a more useful marker for the prognosis of ER-positive breast cancer patients.

Low AGR2 expression may predict poorer prognosis. Incorporation of AGR2 improved the specificity of CA125 and HE4 in EOC diagnosis, and may act as a tumor suppressor whose low expression in EOC patients predicted poorer outcomes.

AGR2 gene expression was significantly higher in patients with GBM. Thus, AGR2 gene can be considered as a potential therapeutic target.

Patients with AGR2 low expression could be suitable for combination treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitor agents and TGF-β blockers. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical foundation for developing a strategy for personalized immunotherapy to patients with breast cancer.