Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma

We report a case of a 49-year-old man with advanced ACC and pulmonary metastasis treated with EDP-M chemotherapy, followed by pembrolizumab based on high tumor mutational burden (TMB, 27.1/Mb)...This case suggests a therapeutic role for ICIs in ACC. Moreover, it highlights the importance of TMB and immune RECIST criteria in evaluating treatment response.

P2, N=818, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: May 2026 --> May 2027 | Trial primary completion date: May 2026 --> May 2027

These results establish ARL4A as an oncogenic promoter in THCA through modulation of proliferation, migration, and immunosuppressive microenvironments, positioning it as a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for precision oncology.

When attempting to distinguish pheochromocytomas from adrenal cortical lesions, INSM1 and GATA3 can be effective immunohistochemical tools with excellent sensitivity and specificity. However, while they may be helpful adjuncts in diagnostically challenging cases, chromogranin remains the gold-standard marker with even higher sensitivity and specificity.

P1, N=126, Completed, PharmaMar | Recruiting --> Completed

SMAC-2 originated from a metastatic EDP-M-treated ACC in a female patient with hypercortisolism and hyperandrogenism, while SMAC-3 derived from a male patient with a mitotane-treated local recurrence, with no sign of hypercortisolism...Experiments were carried out to study the stability of the two cell lines. SMAC-2 and SMAC-3 display unique molecular and functional features, expanding the repertoire of experimental ACC models and representing valuable tools for preclinical research alongside established cell lines.

Across discovery, targeted, and orthogonal platforms, APOA4 consistently exhibited lower circulating levels in ACC, supporting its potential as a serum biomarker for the preoperative differentiation of ACC from ACA. External, multi-ethnic validation and clinically deployable assays, alone or within multi-marker panels are warranted.

P=N/A, N=400, Active, not recruiting, University of Wuerzburg | Trial completion date: Dec 2027 --> Dec 2029 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2027

P=N/A, N=150, Active, not recruiting, University of Wuerzburg | Trial completion date: Dec 2028 --> Dec 2030 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2027 --> Dec 2029

P2, N=30, Active, not recruiting, Columbia University | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026 | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the cat remained normotensive and clinically stable at one year, with chronic kidney disease managed medically. This case underscores the diagnostic complexity of feline pheochromocytoma and highlights the importance of integrating imaging, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry, as chromogranin A negativity does not exclude this diagnosis.

She experienced hypertension (in addition to obesity, dyslipidaemia and impaired glucose tolerance) and was later confirmed with ACTH-independent cortisol excess [lack of cortisol suppression at 1 mg dexamethasone testing of 13.9 (normal < 1.8 µg/dL)], noting bilateral adrenal tumors, of 4.7 cm (right), respectively, and of 1.6 cm (left) at CT...Whether the co-presence of a triple mutation may change the clinical picture and the life-long outcomes across reciprocal influence is still an open matter. Further research will point out the clinical implications of this genotype-phenotype association, which, to our best knowledge, has not been previously reported.