Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Our findings indicate that soluble LOX secreted by CAFs promotes metastatic progression through the induction of pulmonary fibrosis. Targeting this LOX-mediated pathway may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing lung metastasis in patients with SACC. Furthermore, given the complexity of metastasis, future studies should investigate how fibrosis influences key stages of metastatic colony formation, including the extravasation and dormancy of circulating tumour cells.

Recognition of LG-TNBCs is essential to prevent overtreatment and guide personalized patient management. Molecular characterization provides diagnostic confirmation and therapeutic opportunities, particularly for NTRK-fusion-positive tumors treatable with targeted inhibitors, highlighting the importance of precision medicine in rare breast tumors.

A 264-gene signature from HPVon HMSC cells correlated with worse prognosis in HPV + OPSCC (p < 0.003), suggesting an alternate role for HPV. Further validation of the HPV-MYB association and gene signature may improve therapeutic strategies in HPV-related malignancies.

In conclusion, we characterize the breadth of angiocentric glioma patterns in terms of demographics, anatomic location, and MYB fusion patterns. The updated molecular diagnosis of angiocentric glioma as of 2021 warrants continued exploration of the scope of MYB oncogene fusions as drivers of prognosis and targets for future therapies.

The presence of intraductal carcinoma or cribriform growth patterns was not associated with increased likelihood of mutations in homologous recombination repair genes. These findings support the use of clinical parameters such as age and Grade Group, rather than histologic subtype alone, in guiding decisions for genetic testing.

This study demonstrated that PSMA is commonly expressed in malignant SGTs, suggesting that PSMA could be effective for targeted imaging and therapeutics in these tumor types.

We reported a case of SB-AdCC.

While other clinical factors (e.g., T stage) contribute to prognosis, these alterations identify patients who may benefit from dual-pathway inhibitors. Prospective validation is needed to confirm clinical utility.

Abnormal gene expression triggered by external factors, along with the dysfunction of NK and T cells, are critical factors in the genesis and progression of TACC. Developing drugs that target MIF-CD74 signaling pathways may lead to breakthroughs in the treatment of TACC.

Several of these entities have favorable outcomes or actionable targets (eg, androgen-receptor antagonists or TRK inhibitors). This article summarizes current knowledge on their classification, diagnostics, and clinical management, emphasizing opportunities for precision medicine in TNBC.

While conventional chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors remain largely ineffective, advances in ACC biology have driven the development of mechanism-based treatments. Future trials should prioritize biomarker-guided patient selection, rational combinations, and integration of molecular diagnostics to improve outcomes in this indolent but ultimately fatal disease.