Our results suggest that local AdCD40L therapy is safe and could have beneficial effects in dogs, supporting further treatment development. Clinical translation to human patients is ongoing.
In conclusion, gene therapy by repeated intratumoral AdCD40L injections alone, or in combination with cyclophosphamide, is feasible and safe in patients with solid cancers. The potential of intratumoral CD40L gene transfer as treatment of cancer was illustrated by the clinical improvement in two out of seven patients.