ACVR1 mutation

Two of the most effective inhibitors, LLY-283 and GSK591, were targeted against PRMT5 using distinct binding mechanisms and reduced the viability of a subset of DMG cells expressing wild-type TP53 and mutant ACVR1. RNA-sequencing and phenotypic analyses revealed that LLY-283 could reduce the viability, clonogenicity and invasion of DMG cells in vitro, representing three clinically important phenotypes, but failed to prolong survival in an orthotopic xenograft model. Together, these data show the challenges of DMG treatment and highlight PRMT5 inhibitors for consideration in future studies of combination treatments.

We solve the crystal structure of the ALK2 extracellular domain complex with a Fab fragment of Rm0443 and show that Rm0443 induces dimerization of ALK2 extracellular domains in a back-to-back orientation on the cell membrane by binding the residues H64 and F63 on opposite faces of the ligand-binding site. Rm0443 could prevent heterotopic ossification in a mouse model of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva that carries the human R206H pathogenic mutant.

Compared with a single modality approach, the multi-modal model combining multiple MRI modalities and clinical features was the most powerful to predict H3.1, ACVR1, and TP53 mutations and provided prediction, even in the case of missing modality. It could be proposed in the absence of a conclusive biopsy.

It also gives new insights into the possible mechanism and pathway regulation in these tumours, potentially opening new therapeutic avenues for these tumours which have no known effective treatment. This study has been retrospectively registered on clinicaltrial.gov on 8 November 2017 under the registration number NCT03336931 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03336931 ).

In conclusion, BMP signaling has a variety of functions, depending on the types of gynecologic cancer. Therefore, targeting BMP signaling should improve the treatment of patients with gynecologic cancer.

Our data suggest a context-specific vulnerability in H3.1K27M-mutant SHH-dependent ventral OPCs, which rely on acquisition of ACVR1 mutations to drive aberrant BMP signaling required for oncogenesis. The unifying action of K27M mutations is to restrict H3K27me3 at PRC2 landing sites, whereas other epigenetic changes are mainly contingent on the cell of origin chromatin state and cycling rate.

We also measured ACVR1 expression using qRT-PCR in FLT3-mutant AML cell lines (molm-13, molm-14, and MV4-11) treated with different doses of FLT3i (gilteritinib or midostaurin), as well as in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients with FLT3-mutant AML treated with FLT3i...Interestingly,TP-0184 with venetoclax or cytarabine showed a synergistic effect in FLT3-mutant cells (combination index 0.01; p<0.01)... Our data indicate that ACVR1 causes resistance to FLT3 inhibitors. TP-0184, a dual inhibitor, targets mutant FLT3 and ACVR1 in AML cell lines. TP-0184 sensitizes AML cells with chemotherapy and venetoclax and inhibits AML growth in vivo.

Beyond showing how BMP signaling impacts DIPG, our study also identified the potent antitumor efficacy of Dacinostat for DIPG. Thus, our study delineates context-dependent features of the BMP signaling pathway in a DIPG subtype.

No abstract available

H3K27M-mediated re-activation of ID1 in DMG results in a SPARCL1+ migratory transcriptional program that is therapeutically targetable with CBD.

Instead we show that it is predominantly activated via Activin A-dependent receptor clustering, which induces its auto-activation, leading to downstream SMAD1/5 phosphorylation. The relevance of this for the pathogenesis of FOP and DIPG will be discussed.

The tumor location and histopathologic grading are not related to prognosis. New specific drugs and comprehensive treatment are needed to improve the prognosis.

Genetically, ACVR1 mutations were more common whereas MGMT methylation, FGFR1, and NF1 mutations were less prevalent in the pediatric cohort. Pediatric H3K27M-mutant midline gliomas were demographically, clinically, and molecularly distinct from adult patients, highlighting an opportunity to refine the risk stratification for these neoplasms.

A comparative analysis revealed that RIGs are molecularly distinct from most other astrocytomas and gliomas and instead align most closely with the pedGBM_RTK1 subgroup of pediatric glioblastoma. This comprehensive analysis highlights the major molecular features of RIGs, demonstrates their molecular distinction from many other astrocytomas and gliomas, and reveals potential genetic drivers and therapeutic targets for this currently fatal disease.

We outlined the prognostic importance of additional genetic alterations in H3-DMGs and recommended that these neoplasms should be further molecularly segregated. This may aid neuro-oncologists in appropriate risk stratification.