ACAN (Aggrecan)

PRKACB can increase cell viability and reduce inflammation by activating the PKA/CREB signaling pathway, and PRKACB is a novel target for OA treatment.

TAFA4 acts as a neuron-derived mediator of neuroimmune crosstalk in IVDD that modulates macrophage polarization and oxidative stress, thereby delaying disc degeneration. This neuron-immune axis represents a potential therapeutic target.

Chondrocyte senescence plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. This study provides new theoretical foundations and experimental support for the clinical application of PRP in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

© 2026 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland

Protein-binding assays confirmed the molecular interaction capacity of corilagin, supporting its biological activity. Overall, these findings demonstrate that corilagin promotes MSC-mediated osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation while maintaining acceptable cytocompatibility, highlighting its potential as a natural small-molecule candidate for bone and cartilage tissue engineering and other biomedical fields with regenerative medicine applications.

The model was then intervened with a JAK2/STAT3 pathway inhibitor (ruxolitinib) or JAK2-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA)...: Inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway reduced the expression of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress markers in D-gal-treated NPCs. It also suppressed ECM degradation and apoptosis, delayed cellular senescence, and attenuated the progression of IVDD in rats.

NLRP3 or GSDMD overexpression partly counteracted DDX3X knockdown-improved OA chondrocyte pyroptosis and inflammation. Inhibiting the DDX3X/NLRP3/GSDMD axis alleviated chondrocyte pyroptosis and inflammatory response in OA in vitro, thus ameliorating chondrocyte injury.

At the tissue level, TBXT expression, as well as matrix quality, were enhanced in the treated degenerate disc tissues. Together, this study highlights the translational potential of combining cell-based therapies with a bioactive material containing part of the NC secretome, warranting further development and validation.

These findings highlight ketamine's potential as a therapeutic agent, although direct PNN markers and broader cytokine panels were not assessed. Overall, ketamine showed neuroprotective effects across biochemical, histological, and MRS-supported metabolic readouts.

In silico analyses provided a rationale behind the different biological activities of the two compounds. These findings highlight the potential of non-chelating glycoconjugated arylsulfonamides to treat pathologies characterized by excessive ADAMTS5 activity.

In PD-L1 positive cases, baseline abundance of natural killer T (NKT) cells (P=0.001) and activated monocytes (P=0.04) were significantly lower, while post-treatment increases in mature natural killer (NK) cells were significantly greater (P=0.006). NSCLC PD-L1 expression is associated with few systemic immune parameters, suggesting that effects on anti-tumor immunity may occur predominantly in the tumor microenvironment and that blood-based assays are unlikely to provide meaningful surrogates of this biomarker.

Tier 3 proteins, supported by logistic regression and MR only, included CD5L, GNPDA, ACAN, C7, DMP1, HEPH, CEACAM6, COX6B1, CPXM2 and IL12RB2. Druggability evaluation suggests that existing drugs targeting ITGB2, GP1BA, ACADSB and COX6B1 could potentially be repurposed for the treatment of specific lung cancer subtypes.