A murine model for AML demonstrated that CAR-T cells recognise and kill in vivo 5T4-expressing tumour cells. These results highlight 5T4 as a promising target for immune intervention in AML and that CAR-T cells can be considered a powerful personalised therapeutic approach to treat AML.

Together, these data evidence the fact that 5T4-targeted CAR-T cells show specificity and efficient of cell killing. This suggests that OXB-302 could successfully kill 5T4-expressing leukaemic blasts from AML patients and further eliminate 5T4-expressing leukaemic stems cells, which would help to prevent relapse.

Furthermore, adoptive transfer of 5T4 CAR-T cells significantly delayed tumor formation in xenografts of peritoneal and subcutaneous animal models. These results demonstrate the potential efficacy and feasibility of 5T4 CAR-T cell immunotherapy and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical study of future immunotherapies targeting 5T4 for ovarian cancer.