...evaluated the potential predictive role of cytokines in patients treated with ipilimumab….Patients with a serum TNFα concentration above cut-off had a median OS of 7.8 m while those with lower levels had 18.5 m (p = 0.004)...while high IL-6 and TNF-alpha predicted resistance...Blood-based biomarkers are convenient for patients, and our results support prospective validation of cytokines as predictive biomarkers for ipilimumab in SCLC.