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    Association details:
    Biomarker:ROS1 amplification
    Cancer:Colon Cancer
    Drug:metformin (AMPK activator) +
    efavirenz (Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) +
    fluoxetine (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)
    Direction:Sensitive
    Evidence:
    Evidence Level:
    Sensitive: D – Preclinical
    Source:
    Cancer Biol Ther
    Title:

    Combination of metformin/efavirenz/fluoxetine exhibits profound anticancer activity via a cancer cell-specific ROS amplification

    Published date:
    01/01/2023
    Excerpt:
    The possible anticancer activity of combination (M + E + F) of metformin (M), efavirenz (E), and fluoxetine (F) was investigated in normal HDF cells and HCT116 human colon cancer cells....Cell cycle analysis showed that of M + E + F combination caused cell death only in HCT116 cells….Our results suggest that M + E + F have profound anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo via a cancer cell-specific ROS amplification (CASRA) through ROS-induced DNA damage, apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis.
    DOI:
    10.1080/15384047.2022.2161803