...Determine safety of combination, surgical resectability and R0 resections, clinical benefit, time to disease progression, time to onset of response, duration of response, time to treatment failure, overall survival time`determination of polymorphisms of the intron 1 of the EGFR gene, TS, XRCC1, XPD, serum levels of EGFR and ATP7A and ATP7B, nº of copies of EGFR gene, the levels of PTEN, EGFR, AKT y MAPK proteins, and mutations at EGFR, PI3KCA, K-RAS y B-RAF genes...

...Assessing in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to treatment with chemotherapy and Irinotecan 5FU the correlation between the response to treatment with Cetuximab in combination with chemotherapy based Irinotecan;search for mutations of K-RAS and odetermination of PTEN by immunohistochemistry;Gene amplification dell'EGFR determined by FISH;the intensity of expression dell'EGFR determined by immunohistochemistry test with DAKO and Zymed (monoclonal antibody clone 31G7)...

In contrast, BRAF mutations (0% for responders vs. 26.1% for non-responders, p = 0.0044) and KRAS (0% for responders vs. 21.7% for non-responders, p = 0.0117) were observed exclusively in non-responders. Three of the 4 subjects with NRAS mutations were non-responders (p = 0.3053) while both PTEN mutations were detected in responders (p = 0.4993). Collective mutation frequencies of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF combined were higher in non-responders (p = 0.0001).