In contrast, PD0325901 treatment of SKMEL103 (NRAS(Q61R)), SKMEL30 (NRAS(Q61R)) and SKMEL31 (RAS/BRAF-WT) xenografts at a dose of 5 mg kg−1 only delayed tumour growth, with complete growth suppression requiring 25 mg kg−1 (Fig. 4b, c and Supplementary Fig. S3b; P < 0.01 for 5 versus 25 mg kg−1, and 5 and 25 mg kg−1 versus control).