A Phase I clinical trial (GOG-9929) examined the safety and efficacy of adjuvant immune modulation therapy with the checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab (anti-CTLA4) following chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for newly diagnosed node-positive human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cervical cancer. Elevation in levels of tumor-promoting circulating cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-8) post-CRT were significantly associated with worse progression-free survival.