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    Association details:
    Biomarker:AR mutation
    Cancer:Prostate Cancer
    Drug:Xtandi (enzalutamide) (Androgen receptor inhibitor)
    Direction:Resistant
    Evidence:
    Evidence Level:
    Sensitive: C2 – Inclusion Criteria
    New
    Source:
    clinicaltrials.gov
    Title:

    Biomarker Analysis of Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Undergoing Treatment With Docetaxel Followed by Enzalutamide

    Excerpt:
    ...Correlate AR-V7 status in circulating tumor cells (positive versus negative) and PSA response decline > 50% after therapy with docetaxel`Correlate AR-V7 status in circulating tumor cells (positive versus negative) and PSA decline > 50% after therapy with enzalutamide`Correlate AR mutations (present versus absent) and PSA response decline > 50% after therapy with docetaxel.`...
    Trial ID:
    NCT03700099
    Evidence Level:
    Sensitive: C2 – Inclusion Criteria
    New
    Source:
    clinicaltrials.gov
    Title:

    Study of Enzalutamide in Patients With Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

    Excerpt:
    ...Serial biopsies was performed at pre-study and progression to analyze mechanisms of resistance to enzalutamide, such as alterations in AR (mutations, amplifications), tumor suppression genes, DNA repair genes, and SPOP. ...
    Trial ID:
    NCT01942837
    More C2 evidence
    Evidence Level:
    Sensitive: C2 – Inclusion Criteria
    New
    Source:
    clinicaltrials.gov
    Title:

    Biomarkers of Androgen Response and Resistance In Evolution During a Rising PSA

    Excerpt:
    ...Change in expression of androgen receptor abnormalities (e.g. ARV7, AR mutations) following abiraterone/enzalutamide treatment...
    Trial ID:
    BARRIER-P
    Less C2 evidence
    Evidence Level:
    Resistant: C3 – Early Trials
    Source:
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
    Title:

    Transcriptional profiling identifies an androgen receptor activity-low, stemness program associated with enzalutamide resistance

    Published date:
    05/18/2020
    Excerpt:
    Levels of AR mRNA and protein expression were also similar between nonresponders and responders (Fig. 4B and SI Appendix, Table S2), suggesting that AR genomic changes or AR expression changes are not good predictors of enzalutamide response.
    DOI:
    https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922207117
    Trial ID:
    NCT02099864
    Evidence Level:
    Resistant: C3 – Early Trials
    Source:
    ASCO 2020
    Title:

    AR enhancer and locus genomic alterations as cell-free DNA biomarkers of primary resistance to AR-directed treatment of metastatic prostate cancer.

    Published date:
    05/13/2020
    Excerpt:
    AR/enhancer alterations (copy gain, tandem duplication, and point mutation) in cfDNA were strongly predictive of primary resistance to AR-directed therapy (PPV = 100%, Sens. = 89%).
    DOI:
    10.1200/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.5529