These results well correlated with data obtained in retrospective analyses showing that low TXNIP expression in breast cancer patients was associated with a statistically significant poorer recurrence-free (RFS), overall (OS), post-progression (PPS) and distant metastasis-free (DMFS) survival compared to high TXNIP-expressing patients. This relevant discrimination is also achieved in tamoxifen-treated patients, highlighting a role of TXNIP for identifying patients at high risk of progression.