...the proportion of TCF7+ CD8 T cells was significantly higher at baseline (p=0.01) and in all tumor samples (p=0.007) in responders compared to non-responders. RNA differential gene expression analysis revealed higher expression of cancer testis antigens (CTAs) in responding patient tumors...The proportion of TCF7+ CD8 T cells and the presence of melanoma cancer testis antigens may be a predictive biomarker of response to combination immunotherapy in patients failing anti-PD-1 monotherapy.