Examining the datasets of patients with recurrent glioblastoma who underwent neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy and patients with thymic carcinoma who underwent anti-PD-1 therapy, we found that higher levels of SP140 were associated with a favorable response to the neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy in recurrent glioblastoma and a favorable response to anti-PD-1 in thymic carcinoma.