We next evaluated the expression of SP140 in patients who were treated with anti-PD-1 immune-checkpoint inhibitors in HNSCC and non-small cell lung cancer (n=21). Samples were collected for gene expression analysis before treatment. A significantly higher level of SP140 was associated with response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, defined as stable disease or remission after anti-PD-1 treatment over 6 months (p<0.05).