Furthermore, MV4-11 cells bearing control vector, wild type SIRT3 or SIRT3-K288R were engrafted in NSG mice. Cytarabine was administered to the xenografts to evaluate the chemoresistance in these cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) mouse models. Consistent to the in vitro data, SIRT3-K288R reduced total and mitochondrial ROS in vivo, resulted in enhanced leukemogenesis and impaired survival.