SETD2 mutations were associated with a higher response rate and prolonged overall survival in ICB-treated RCC patients, but not in non-ICB-treated RCC patients….This study reveals that SETD2/Setd2 loss and ATR inhibitor synergize to enhance cGAS signaling and RCC tumor immune responsiveness, and provides mechanism-based guidance to develop more personalized combination therapy regimens for RCC patients with SETD2 mutations.