Among the aggregated NSCLC samples, a total of 13 (11.9%) of 109 had SETBP1 mutations. Kaplan-Meier results demonstrated that SETBP1-MUT NSCLC patients presented a markedly improved ICI survival benefit than wild-type patients (median survival time: NA vs. 6.3 months, Log-rank test P = 0.013; Figure 4A).