Compared with chemo alone, treatment with NIVO plus chemo was associated with Q-TWiST improvement of 2.8 months (95% CI 1.0-3.7; relative gain 20.6% [clearly clinically important]) in patients with PD-L1 CPS ≥ 5, and 1.8 months (95% CI 0.9-2.7; relative gain 12.7% [clinically important]) in all randomized patients, respectively.