The effector CAR-T, named Vax-CAR-T, specifically recognized the PD-L1-expressing AGC cell line, SNU638, and exhibited rapid and robust cytotoxic activity in vitro….Vax-CAR-T cells significantly suppressed tumor growth in both bigger (>95mm3) and smaller (≤50mm3) AGC xenograft NSG mouse models....We believe that a new autologous CAR-T targeting PD-L1 could be a promising new tool for removing heterogeneous solid tumors in TME, which would be a significant step forward in improving current conventional and immunotherapeutic strategies.