Comparison of treatment outcomes according to combinations of high or low sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels, however, revealed that patients with low sPD-1 and high sPD-L1 concentrations had a significantly poorer PFS (HR of 1.79 [95% CI, 1.13–2.83], p = 0.01) and a tendency toward poorer OS (HR of 1.70 [95% CI, 0.99–2.91], p = 0.05) compared with all other patients.