...a retrospective study was conducted to examine the expression levels of FXR, PD‑L1 and CD8+ T cells by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 149 patients with NSCLC receiving anti‑PD‑1‑based chemo‑immunotherapy. The results revealed that high FXR and PD‑L1 expression levels were associated with higher objective response rates (ORR) in all patients....Subgroup analysis revealed that high FXR expression was associated with a higher ORR, as well as longer PFS and overall survival (OS) in PD‑L1 low patients. Cox multivariate analysis revealed that high FXR expression was an independent predictor for PFS and OS in PD‑L1 low patients....the present study proposed an FXR high-PD‑L1 low signature as a candidate predictor of response to anti‑PD‑1‑based chemo‑immunotherapy in PD‑L1 low/negative patients with NSCLC, providing evidence that could be used to broaden the patients benefitting from immunotherapy.