We analyzed the expression levels and examined the clinical significance of immunoregulatory miRNAs...in patients with advanced NSCLC (N = 69) treated with anti-PD-1 (Nivolumab) immunotherapy as 2nd or 3rd line of treatment therapy....Expression of miR-34a, miR-146a, mir-200c, and miR-223 was found to be associated with response to immunotherapy....Low miR-34a expression independently predicted for shorter OS (HR: 3.189, 95% CI: 1.193-8.527; p = 0.021) in the non-SqCC subgroup.