We established a seven TGF-β pathway-associated gene signature with good prediction efficiency....High expression of BCAR3, NOG, SERPINE1, SLC20A1, and THBS1 was identified as a risk factor associated with a high risk score. Conversely, high expression of ID2 and TRIM33 was associated with low risk, constituting a protective factor....The low-risk score subgroup was more sensitive to immunotherapy and the high-risk score subgroup to cisplatin, erlotinib, paclitaxel, and crizotinib.