...on the basis of the median mRNA expression of BRCA1 (BRCA1-high group [N = 46] and BRCA1-low group [N = 45]), in the BRCA1-high group, a statistically significant longer median PFS was found with gefitinib plus olaparib compared with gefitinib single agent...in the BRCA1-high group, median PFS was 12.9 months (95% CI: 8.6–20.3) in the gefitinib plus olaparib arm, compared with 9.2 months (95% CI: 5.7–12.7) in the gefitinib arm, p = 0.0449....Our data indicate that patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC with high BRCA1 mRNA expression may derive a better outcome with gefitinib plus olaparib compared with gefitinib single agent.