In the present studies, we investigated the effects of TSLPRCART +/- ruxolitinib co-treatment in vitro and in vivo against CRLF2-R human ALL cell lines and childhood DS-ALL patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models (n=4).... As expected, treatment of CRLF2-R DS-ALL PDX models with TSLPRCART potently inhibited in vivo leukemia proliferation and induced long-term ‘cure’ of animals. However, simultaneous co-treatment of engrafted mice with ruxolitinib and TSLPRCART led to markedly diminished in vivo T cell proliferation and persistence, blunted cytokine production, and facilitated eventual leukemia relapse....TSLPRCART is a promising cellular immunotherapeutic approach for DS-ALL and for BCR-ABL1-like ALL given shared features of CRLF2 rearrangement and cell surface protein overexpression.