Results demonstrated high COL19A1 expression to be a novel biomarker for successful immunotherapy (COL19A1high , odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.31 [0.10-0.97], p = 0.044). Compared with COL19A1low patients, COL19A1high patients benefited more from neoadjuvant immunotherapy (p < 0.01), obtained better major pathological remissions (63.3%, p < 0.01), with a trend toward better recurrence-free survival (p = 0.013), and overall survival (p = 0.056).