Case 1 is a 33-year-old female diagnosed with AML. Her karyotype was 45, X, -X, t(8;21)(q22;q22) (8)/46, XX, idem (2), AML1-ETO was 39700 copies/10000 abl copies (AML1-ETO transcripts were normalized to 104 abl copies), and KIT exon 17 and CSF3R mutations were detected. She was initially treated with a standard “3+7” regimen with idarubicin and cytarabine (IA) as induction with complete remission (CR) followed by four cycles of high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC) consolidation. However, 2 months after the last consolidation, the disease relapsed, and she failed to achieve CR again...