Herein, we reported a stage IVb lung adenocarcinoma patient harboring ROS1 fusion, who acquired a BRAF V600E and lost the ROS1 fusion after progression on crizotinib….The patient was subsequently treated with dabrafenib and trametinib combination and achieved a partial response lasting for more than 6 months. Our study revealed that BRAF V600E can confer the crizotinib resistance in ROS1 fusion-positive NSCLC and presented the first case showing that the treatment with dabrafenib and trametinib can serve as an effective option for later-line treatment for this molecular-defined subgroup.