This observational retrospective study involved 73 patients with advanced NSCLC who received either anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, or camrelizumab) or anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) therapy….Our results showed that the variables of male sex, smoking history, and high TMB were associated with a significantly longer PFS....Patients with high TMB and low TMB had an mPFS of 3.7 and 2.1 months (log-rank P=0.004), respectively.... In univariate analysis of PFS, TMB was found to be a significant determinant of PFS (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.23–0.92; P=0.027)....In multivariable analysis, TMB was identified as an independent determinant factor of PFS (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.23–0.73; P=0.002)...